Ntle le ts'oaetso e tšoanang ea motlakase, ho chesoa le mello e kang ea manual arc welding, argon arc welding e boetse e na le masimo a phahameng a maqhubu a motlakase, mahlaseli a motlakase, tšenyo ea khanya ea arc, mosi oa ho cheselletsa, le likhase tse chefo tse matla haholo ho feta li-arc welding. Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke motlakase le ozone.
1. Ho thibela tšenyo e tsoang masimong a maqhubu a motlakase a phahameng haholo
1. Ho hlahisa le ho ntša kotsi ea masimo a motlakase a phahameng-frequency
Ho welding ea tungsten arc le plasma arc welding, li-oscillator tse phahameng-frequency li atisa ho sebelisoa ho susumetsa arc. Mechini e meng ea AC argon arc welding le eona e sebelisa li-oscillator tsa maqhubu a holimo ho tsitsisa arc. Maqhubu a oscillator ea maqhubu a phahameng a atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho chesoa ke li-cycle tse likete tse 200-500, motlakase ke 2500-3500 volts, matla a hona joale a phahameng ke 3-7 mA, 'me matla a tšimo ea motlakase a ka bang 140-190 volts. /mithara. Ho pepeseha ha li-welders ka nako e telele masimong a maqhubu a motlakase a phahameng haholo ho ka baka ho se sebetse hantle ha methapo ea kutlo le neurasthenia. Matšoao a kenyelletsa malaise ka kakaretso, ho tsekela, ho lora, hlooho, ho lebala, mokhathala, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, ho hlobaela le khatello e tlase ea mali.
Litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle ba libaka tse phahameng tsa maqhubu a motlakase li bolela hore matla a lumellehang a mahlaseli bakeng sa lihora tse 8 ke 20 V/m. Ho ea ka litekanyo, matla a sebaka se phahameng sa maqhubu a motlakase se amoheloang ke likarolo tsohle tsa welder nakong ea letsoho ea tungsten arc welding e feta tekanyetso. Har'a bona, matla a letsoho ke a phahameng ka ho fetisisa, a fetang tekanyo ea bophelo bo botle ka makhetlo a fetang 5. Haeba oscillator ea maqhubu a phahameng a sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ho khantša arc, phello e tla ba nyenyane ka lebaka la nako e khutšoanyane, empa ho pepeseha ha nako e telele ho boetse ho kotsi, 'me mehato e sebetsang ea tšireletso e lokela ho nkoa.
2. Mehato ea ts'ireletso khahlanong le libaka tse phahameng tsa maqhubu a motlakase
⑴ Bakeng sa mehato ea ho tima le ho tsitsisa arc ho argon arc welding, leka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa transistor pulse ho e-na le lisebelisoa tsa maqhubu a phahameng a oscillation, kapa feela bakeng sa ho tima arc. Ka mor'a hore arc e chese, hang-hang khaola phepelo ea matla a phahameng-frequency.
⑵ Fokotsa maqhubu a oscillation, fetola liparamente tsa capacitor le inductor, 'me u fokotse maqhubu a oscillation ho lipotoloho tse 30,000 ho fokotsa tšusumetso' meleng oa motho. ho
⑶ Bakeng sa lithapo le lithapo tse sirelelitsoeng, sebelisa lithapo tse bonolo tse lohiloeng ka koporo, u li kenye ho pota-pota ka ntle ho hose ea lithapo (ho kenyeletsoa le lithapo tsa toche le mochining oa ho cheselletsa), ebe u li sila. ho
⑷Hobane motlakase oa potoloho ea oscillation ea maqhubu a phahameng a batla a phahame, e tlameha ho ba le insulation e ntle le e tšepahalang.
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2. Thibelo ea Kotsi ea Radiation
1. Mehloli le likotsi tsa mahlaseli
Electrode ea thoriated tungsten e sebelisoang ho argon arc welding le plasma arc welding e na le 1-1.2% thorium oxide. Thorium ke ntho ea radioactive e anngoeng ke mahlaseli nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding le nakong ea ho kopana le thoriated tungsten rod.
Mahlaseli a sebetsa 'meleng oa motho ka mefuta e 'meli: e' ngoe ke mahlaseli a ka ntle, 'me e' ngoe ke mahlaseli a ka hare ha a kena 'meleng ka mekhoa ea ho hema le ea tšilo ea lijo. Palo e kholo ea lipatlisiso le litekanyo ho argon arc welding le plasma arc welding li pakile hore likotsi tsa bona tsa radioactive li nyane, hobane ke 100-200 mg feela ea thoriated tungsten rod e jeoang letsatsi le leng le le leng, mme lethal dose ea radiation e nyane haholo ebile ha e na letho. tšusumetso 'meleng oa motho. . Leha ho le joalo, ho na le maemo a mabeli a lokelang ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho: pele, ha ho cheselletsa ka setshelo, moea oa moea ha o boreleli, 'me likaroloana tsa mahlaseli a kotsi ka mosi li ka feta litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle; ea bobeli, ha ho siloa lithupa tsa bathorium tungsten le moo ho nang le lithupa tsa bathorium tungsten, li-aerosol tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi 'Me motsoako oa lerōle la mahlaseli a kotsi a ka fihla kapa a feta litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle. Ho kenella ha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive 'meleng ho ka baka mafu a sa foleng a mahlaseli a kotsi, ao haholo-holo a bonahatsoang ka ho fokola ha boemo bo tloaelehileng ba ts'ebetso, bofokoli bo totobetseng le bofokoli, ho fokotsa haholo ho hanyetsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang, ho lahleheloa ke boima ba' mele le matšoao a mang. ho
2. Mehato ea ho thibela tšenyo ea mahlaseli
⑴Lithupa tsa tungsten tse chekiloeng li tlameha ho ba le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa polokelo. Ha li bolokiloe ka bongata, li lokela ho patoa ka har'a mabokose a tšepe 'me li kenngoe liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi.
⑵ Ha u sebelisa sekoahelo se koetsoeng bakeng sa welding, sekoahelo ha sea lokela ho buloa nakong ea ts'ebetso. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea matsoho, helmete e sireletsang phepelo ea moea e tlameha ho apesoa kapa mehato e meng e sebetsang e tlameha ho nkuoa. ho
⑶ Lebili le khethehileng la ho sila le lokela ho lokisoa bakeng sa ho sila melamu ea tungsten ea thoriated. Sesila se lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tsa ho tlosa lerōle. Litšila tse silang fatše tsa grinder li lokela ho hloekisoa khafetsa ka ho hloekisa ka metsi le ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho patoa ka botebo. ho
⑷ Apara maske a lerōle ha u sila melamu ea tungsten ea thoriated. Ka mor'a ho kopana le melamu ea tungsten ea thoriated, u lokela ho hlatsoa matsoho a hao ka metsi a phallang le sesepa, 'me u hlatsoe liaparo tsa hao tsa mosebetsi le liatlana khafetsa. ho
⑸ Khetha lintlha tse utloahalang ha u cheselletsa le ho seha ho qoba ho chesoa ho feteletseng ha thoriated tungsten rod. ho
⑹ Leka ho se sebelise melamu ea tungsten empa u sebelise lithupa tsa cerium tungsten kapa yttrium tungsten, hobane tse peli tse qetellang ha li na mahlaseli.
3. Thibela tšenyo ea leseli la arc
1. Likotsi tsa mahlaseli a arc
Mahlaseli a welding arc haholo-holo a kenyelletsa leseli le bonahalang, mahlaseli a infrared le mahlaseli a ultraviolet. Li sebetsa 'meleng oa motho' me li kenngoa ke lisele tsa motho, tse bakang mocheso, photochemical kapa ionization liphellong, tse bakang tšenyo ho lisele tsa motho.
⑴ Mahlaseli a Ultraviolet Bophahamo ba maqhubu a mahlaseli a ultraviolet bo pakeng tsa 0.4-0.0076 microns. Ha bolelele ba maqhubu bo le bokgutshwanyane, tshenyo ya biology e ba kgolo le ho feta. Letlalo la motho le mahlo a na le kutloelo-bohloko ha a pepesehetse mahlaseli a kotsi ka ho feteletseng. Tlas'a ketso ea mahlaseli a matla a ultraviolet, letlalo le ka baka dermatitis, le erythema e hlahang letlalong, joalokaha eka e pepesitsoe ke letsatsi, esita le mahlaseli a manyenyane, exudate le edema, ka ho chesa, ho hlohlona, bonolo, 'me hamorao ho fifala. . Ho ebola. Mahlo a ameha haholo mahlaseling a kotsi a ultraviolet. Ho pepeseha ha nakoana ho ka baka keratoconjunctivitis e matla, e bitsoang electrophoto ophthalmia. Matšoao ke bohloko, ho tsieleha, ho lla ho feteletseng, photophobia, ho tšaba moea, le pono e lerootho. Ka kakaretso, ha ho na ho ba le sequelaes. ho
Mahlaseli a ultraviolet a arc welding a na le matla a matla a ho senya likhoele, 'me masela a k'hothone ke ona a senyehileng ka ho fetisisa. Lesela le lesoeu le na le khanyetso e matla ea mahlaseli a UV ka lebaka la thepa ea lona e matla ea ho bonahatsa. Mahlaseli a ultraviolet a hlahisoang ke argon arc welding ke makhetlo a 5-10 ho feta a manual arc welding, 'me tšenyo e mpe le ho feta. Liaparo tsa mosebetsi bakeng sa welding ea argon arc li lokela ho etsoa ka masela a hananang le asiti joalo ka silika ea tweed le oak.
⑵Lehlaseli la Infrared Bophahamo ba leqhubu la lehlaseli la infrared bo pakeng tsa 343-0.76 microns. Kotsi ea eona e ka sehloohong 'meleng oa motho ke phello ea mocheso ea lisele. Mahlaseli a nako e telele a infrared a ka monngoa ke 'mele oa motho, a etsa hore batho ba ikutloe ba chesa; mahlaseli a makhutšoane a infrared a ka monngoa ke lisele, a etsa hore a ikutloe a chesa.
E futhumatsa mali le lisele tse tebileng, tse bakang cheso. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho cheselletsa, mahlo a hau a tla pepesehela mahlaseli a matla a infrared, 'me hang-hang u tla utloa ho chesa ho matla le bohloko bo tukang,' me ho tla ba le lipono tse khanyang. Ho pepeseha ha nako e telele ho ka boela ha baka lera la infrared, ho lahleheloa ke pono, 'me maemong a matla, bofofu. E ka boela ea baka ho chesa ha retina.
⑶Leseli le bonahalang Phetoho ea khanya ea leseli le bonahalang la arc welding e feta makhetlo a 10,000 ho feta phetoho ea khanya eo leihlo le hlobotseng le ka e mamellang ka tloaelo. Ha a pepesehetse mahlaseli, mahlo a ka ’na a utloa bohloko ’me a sitoa ho bona hantle ka nakoana. Hangata arc e bitsoa "benya", 'me bokhoni ba ho sebetsa bo lahleha ka nako e khutšoanyane, empa bo ka tsosolosoa haufinyane. ho
2. Tšireletso khahlanong le lebone la welding arc
E le ho sireletsa mahlo ho tsoa tšenyo ea khanya ea arc, li-welders li tlameha ho roala maske ka sefe e khethehileng ha li cheseletsa. Mask e entsoe ka k'hateboto ea tšepe e lefifi, e bōpehileng hantle, e bobebe, e thibela mocheso, ha e na conductive, 'me ha e khantše leseli. Lense ea sefe e behiloeng holim'a mask, e tsejoang ka hore ke khalase e ntšo, hangata e sebelisoa joalo ka lense ea ho monya. Khetho ea eona e ntšo e lokela ho khethoa ho ea ka matla a hona joale oa welding. Pono ea motho ea chesehelang le ho khanya ha tikoloho ea ho cheselletsa le eona e lokela ho nkoa. Li-welders tse nyane li na le mahlo a matle 'me li lokela ho sebelisa lilense tsa sefa tse nang le mebala e meholo le e lefifi. Ha ho chesetsoa bosiu kapa sebakeng se lefifi, le lilense tse lefifi le tsona li lokela ho khethoa.
Ho na le mofuta oa lense e sireletsang e ka bonahatsang khanya e matla ea arc, ea fokolisa matla a khanya ea arc e senyang mahlo, le ho sireletsa mahlo hamolemo. Ho boetse ho na le lense ea photoelectric e ka fetolang khanya ka bo eona. E na le ponaletso e ntle ha arc e sa hotetsoe 'me e khona ho bona hantle botle bo kantle ho seipone. Ha arc e chesoa, botšo ba likhalase bo tla teba hang-hang 'me bo ka thibela khanya hantle. Sena se felisa tlhokahalo ea ho phahamisa mask kapa ho phunya likhalase tse sireletsang ha u fetola lithupa tsa welding.
E le ho thibela letlalo la welder ho senya arc, liaparo tse sireletsang tsa welder li lokela ho etsoa ka lesela le khanyang kapa le tšoeu ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho bonahatsa leseli la arc. Lipokotho tsa liaparo tsa mosebetsi li lokela ho ba lefifi. Ha ho sebetsa, li-cuffs li lokela ho tlamisoa ka thata, li-gloves li lokela ho behoa ka ntle ho li-cuffs, molala o lokela ho kenngoa, maoto a borikhoe ha aa lokela ho theoleloa, 'me letlalo ha lea lokela ho pepeseha.
E le ho thibela basebetsi ba thusang le basebetsi ba bang ba haufi le sebaka sa tjheseletsa hore ba se ke ba lematswa ke lebone la arc, ba tlameha ho sebedisana, ba dumedise pele ba besa mollo, mme basebetsi ba thusang ba roale digalase tse mebala. Ha ho tjheseletsa sebakeng se tsitsitseng, ho lokela ho sebediswa skrine e sireletsang lebone.
Likotsi Tsa Likhase Tse Chefo
Tlas'a ketso ea mocheso o phahameng le mahlaseli a matla a ultraviolet arc ea welding, ho thehoa mefuta e mengata ea likhase tse kotsi ho pota-potile sebaka sa arc, moo ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide le hydrogen fluoride e leng tsona tse ka sehloohong.
1. Oksijene ea Ozone moeeng e ba le liphetoho tsa photochemical tlas'a mahlaseli a makhutšoane a mahlaseli a kotsi ho hlahisa ozone (O3). Ozone ke khase e boputsoa bo bobebe e monko o monate. Ha mahloriso a phahame, a na le monko oa litlhapi; ha mahloriso a phahame, e na le tatso e bolila hanyane ka monko oa litlhapi. Kotsi ea eona e ka sehloohong 'meleng oa motho ke hore e na le phello e matla e susumetsang tsamaiso ea matšoafo le matšoafo. Ha mahloriso a ozone a feta moeli o itseng, hangata a baka khohlela, 'metso o omileng, leleme le omileng, ho tiea sefuba, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, mokhathala, ho tsekela, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, bohloko bo akaretsang, joalo-joalo. phefumoloho e mpe, e ka boela ea baka bronchitis.
Ho latela litekanyo, khatello ea ozone tikolohong ea tjheseletsa e amana le lintlha tse joalo ka mekhoa ea ho cheselletsa, lisebelisoa tsa ho cheselletsa, likhase tse sireletsang le lintlha tsa ho cheselletsa.
Ho ea ka liphetho tsa lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso libakeng tsa tlhahiso naheng ea heso, maemo a bohloeki bakeng sa mahloriso a ozone ke 0.3 mg/m3.
2. Li-oxide tsa naetrojene Li-oxide tsa nitrojene nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding li thehoa ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng oa arc, o bakang ho arohana le ho tsosolosoa ha limolek'hule tsa naetrojene le oksijene moeeng. Li-nitrogen oxide le tsona ke likhase tse chefo tse halefisang, empa ha li na chefo e fokolang joaloka ozone. Li-oxide tsa nitrogen haholo-holo li na le phello e hlasimollang matšoafong.
Lintho tse amang bongata ba nitrogen oxides li tšoana le ozone. Nakong ea welding ea argon arc le plasma arc welding, haeba mehato ea moea e sa nkuoe, bongata ba nitrogen oxides hangata bo feta litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle ka makhetlo a fetang leshome kapa esita le makhetlo a mangata. Naha ea rona e bolela hore boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba nitrogen oxides (e fetoletsoeng ho = nitrogen oxide) ke 5 mg/m3.
Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho cheselletsa, monyetla oa hore ho be le nitrogen oxides e teng feela e nyane haholo. Hangata ozone le nitrogen oxides li teng ka nako e le 'ngoe, kahoo li chefo ho feta. Ka kakaretso, ho ba teng ha likhase tse peli tse chefo ka nako e le 'ngoe ho kotsi ka makhetlo a 15-20 ho feta khase e le' ngoe e chefo.
3. Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide e thehoa ke ho senyeha ha khase ea carbon dioxide tlas'a mocheso o phahameng oa arc. Mefuta eohle ea li-arc welding e bulehileng e tla hlahisa khase ea carbon monoxide, eo har'a eona carbon dioxide e sirelelitsoeng welding e hlahisang khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ho ea ka litekanyo, khatello ea carbon monoxide haufi le mask a welder e ka fihla ho 300 mg/m3, e leng makhetlo a fetang leshome ho feta maemo a bophelo bo botle. Motsoako oa carbon monoxide o hlahisoang nakong ea welding ea plasma arc le ona o phahame haholo, ka hona, tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho lefshoa ho sebetsa sebakeng se se nang moea o matla.
Ho na le hoo e ka bang 1% ea carbon monoxide ka har'a mosi oa arc welding, 'me mahloriso ka har'a setshelo se koetsoeng se nang le moea o fokolang o ka fihla ho 15 mg/m3. maemo a bophelo a naha ea heso a bontša hore khabone ea monoxide ke 30 mg/m3.
Carbon monoxide ke khase e hlabang moea. Phello ea eona e chefo 'meleng oa motho ke ho sitisa ho tsamaisoa ha oksijene' meleng kapa ts'ebetso ea ho monya ha oksijene 'meleng, e bakang hypoxia ea lisele le letoto la matšoao le matšoao a hypoxia. Matšoao a chefo e matla ea carbon monoxide ke: hlooho e opang, ho tsekela, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, bofokoli bo akaretsang, bofokoli maotong, esita le maikutlo a ho akheha. Haeba u tloha sebakeng seo hang-hang 'me u hema moea o hloekileng, matšoao a tla nyamela kapele. Maemong a matla le ho feta, ntle le ho mpefala ha matšoao a boletsoeng ka holimo, lebelo la ho otla ha pelo lea eketseha, motho ha a khone ho sisinyeha, a kena koma, a ka ba a thatafatsoa ke matšoao a kang cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, tšenyo ea myocardial, le morethetho oa pelo. mathata. Carbon monoxide tlas'a maemo a welding haholo-holo e na le litlamorao tse sa foleng 'meleng oa motho. Ho hema ka nako e telele ho ka baka neurasthenia joalo ka hlooho, ho tsekela, 'mala o mosehla, bofokoli ba maoto le matsoho, ho theola boima ba' mele le ho se phutholohe ka kakaretso.
Nako ea poso: Feb-22-2024
