Ho na le lintho tse ngata tse lokelang ho hlokomeloa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding. Haeba e hlokomolohuoa, e ka lebisa liphosong tse kholo.
Lintlha li tsebahatsa katleho kapa ho hloleha, ka kopo e bale ka mamello!
1 Se ke oa ela hloko ho khetha motlakase o motle ka ho fetisisa nakong ea kaho ea welding
[Phenomena] Nakong ea welding, ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba groove, ebang ke motheo, ho tlatsa kapa ho koahela, ho khethoa motlakase o tšoanang oa arc. Ka tsela ena, botebo le bophara bo hlokahalang bo ka 'na ba se ke ba finyelloa,' me liphoso tse kang li-undercuts, pores, le spatter li ka 'na tsa etsahala.
[Mehato] Ka kakaretso, arc e telele e tsamaellanang kapa arc e khuts'oane e lokela ho khethoa bakeng sa maemo a fapaneng ho fumana boleng bo betere ba welding le katleho ea mosebetsi.
Mohlala, ts'ebetso e khuts'oane ea arc e lokela ho sebelisoa e le ho fumana ho kenella ho betere nakong ea welding e tlase, 'me motlakase oa arc o ka eketsoa ka nepo e le ho fumana katleho e phahameng le bophara ba ho qhibiliha nakong ea ho tlatsa tjheseletsa kapa ho koahela sekoaelo.
2 Welding ha e laole hona joale oa welding
[Phenomena] Nakong ea ho cheselletsa, e le hore u fumane tsoelo-pele, li-welds tsa butt tsa lipoleiti tse mahareng le tse teteaneng ha li grooved. Lenane la matla le theoha, kapa le bile le hlōleha ho finyella litlhoko tse tloaelehileng, 'me mapetsong a hlaha nakong ea teko ea ho kobeha. Sena se tla etsa hore ts'ebetso ea motsoako oa weld e se ke ea netefatsoa le ho beha kotsi e ka bang teng ho polokeho ea sebopeho.
[Mehato] Ha ho chesoa, hona joale ho lokela ho laoloa ho latela tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso, 'me ho lumelloa ho fetoha ha 10 ho ea ho 15%. Bophahamo ba sehlahla sa groove ha boa lokela ho feta 6 mm. Ha o emisa, ha botenya ba poleiti bo feta 6mm, li-bevel li tlameha ho etsoa bakeng sa ho cheselletsa.
3 Ho se ele hloko tšebeliso e hokahaneng ea lebelo la ho tjheseletsa, hona joale oa welding, le bophara ba electrode
[Phenomena] Ha tjheseletsa, u se ke ua ela hloko ho laola lebelo tjheseletsa le tjheseletsa hona joale, le ho hokahanya tshebediso ya eleketrode bophara le tjheseletsa boemo ba.
Ka mohlala, ha ho etsoa tjheseletsa ea primer holim'a seamo sa sekhutlo se keneletseng ka ho feletseng, ka lebaka la boholo ba motso o moqotetsane, haeba lebelo la ho tjheseletsa le potlakile haholo, khase ea motso le li-slag inclusions ha li na nako e lekaneng ea ho lokolloa, e ka bakang liphoso tse joalo habonolo. e le ho kenella ho sa phetheheng, li-slag inclusions, le li-pores motso. ; Ha ho cheselletsa sekoahelo, haeba lebelo la ho tjheseletsa le potlakile haholo, ho bonolo ho hlahisa li-pores; haeba lebelo la welding le lieha haholo, ts'ebetso ea weld e tla be e phahame haholo 'me sebopeho se tla ba se sa tloaelehang; ha ho tjheseletsa lipoleiti tse tšesaane kapa li-welds tse nang le likarolo tse nyane tse lerootho, lebelo la welding le tla ba holimo haholo. Ho lieha le ho tloaetse ho khathala le maemo a mang.
[Mehato] Lebelo la welding le na le tšusumetso e kholo ho boleng ba tjheseletsa le katleho ea tlhahiso ea welding. Ha u khetha, khetha lebelo le loketseng la ho tjheseletsa ho ya ka lebelo la ho tjheseletsa hona jwale, boemo ba seam (welding e tlase, welding e tlatsang, welding e koahelang), botenya ba seam, le boholo ba groove. Lebelo, molemong oa ho netefatsa ho kenella, ho tsoa habonolo ha khase le slag ea welding, ha ho chese, le sebopeho se setle, lebelo le phahameng la welding le khethoa ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso le katleho.
4 Ho hloleha ho ela hloko taolo ea bolelele ba arc nakong ea welding
[Phenomena] Nakong ea welding, bolelele ba arc ha bo lokisoe hantle ho ea ka foromo ea groove, palo ea li-welding layers, foromo ea welding, mohlala oa electrode, joalo-joalo .
[Mehato] Bakeng sa ho netefatsa boleng ba weld, ts'ebetso e khuts'oane ea arc hangata e sebelisoa nakong ea welding, empa bolelele bo nepahetseng ba arc bo ka khethoa ho latela maemo a fapaneng ho fumana boleng bo nepahetseng ba welding, joalo ka mohato oa pele oa sebopeho sa V. manonyeletso a groove butt le a sekhutlo. Lera la pele le lokela ho sebelisa arc e khuts'oane ho netefatsa ho kenella ntle le ho seha, 'me karolo ea bobeli e ka ba telele hanyane ho tlatsa weld. Ha lekhalo la weld le le nyane, ho lokela ho sebelisoa arc e khuts'oane. Ha lekhalo le le leholo, arc e ka ba telele hanyane mme lebelo la welding le tla potlakisa. The arc for overhead welding e lokela ho ba e khuts'oane ka ho fetisisa ho thibela tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ho theohela tlase; e le ho laola mocheso oa letamo le entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa nakong ea welding e otlolohileng le e otlolohileng, ho lokela ho sebelisoa welding e nyenyane ea hona joale le e khutšoanyane ea arc.
Ho phaella moo, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho sebelisoa welding ea mofuta ofe, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho boloka bolelele ba arc ha e le hantle bo sa fetohe nakong ea ho sisinyeha ho etsa bonnete ba hore bophara ba ho kenella le botebo ba ho kenella ha weld eohle bo lumellana.
5 Welding ntle le ho ela hloko ho laola tjheseletsa deformation
[Phenomena] Ha o cheselletsa, ha u ele hloko ho laola deformation ho tloha likarolong tsa tatellano ea tjheseletsa, tlhophiso ea basebetsi, foromo ea groove, khetho ea li-welding le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, joalo-joalo, e lebisang ho deformation e kholo ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa, bothata ba ho lokisa, le litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng, haholo-holo bakeng sa lipoleiti tse teteaneng le li-workpieces tse kholo. Khalemelo e thata, 'me khalemelo ea mochini e ka baka mapetsong kapa likhapha tsa lamellar habonolo. Litsenyehelo tsa ho lokisoa ha lelakabe li phahame mme ts'ebetso e mpe e ka baka habonolo ho chesa ha workpiece.
Bakeng sa li-workpieces tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tse nepahetseng, haeba mehato e sebetsang ea ho laola deformation e sa nkuoe, litekanyo tsa ho kenya mochine oa mosebetsi li ke ke tsa finyella litlhoko tsa tšebeliso, 'me li ka ba tsa fella ka ho tsosolosa kapa ho senya.
[Mehato] Etsa tatellano e loketseng ea ho tjheseletsa 'me u khethe lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa ho tjheseletsa le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, hammoho le mehato e thibelang ho senyeha le ho lokisa e thata.
6 Multi-layer welding e etsoa ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng 'me ha ho tlhokomelo e lefshoang ho laola mocheso pakeng tsa lihlopha.
[Phenomena] Ha u tjheseletsa lipoleiti tse teteaneng tse nang le likarolo tse ngata, u se ke ua ela hloko taolo ea mocheso pakeng tsa lihlopha. Haeba karohano pakeng tsa lera e telele haholo, tjheseletsa ntle le ho futhumatsa hape ho tla baka mapetsong a batang habonolo pakeng tsa mekato; Haeba karohano e le khuts'oane haholo, mocheso o pakeng tsa lihlopha o tla ba Haeba mocheso o phahame haholo (o fetang 900 ° C), o tla ama ts'ebetso ea weld le sebaka se anngoeng ke mocheso, e bakang lijo-thollo tse mahoashe, e leng se fellang ka ho fokotseha. ho thatafala le polasetiki, le ho siea likotsi tse ka bang teng manonyeletsong.
[Mehato] Ha ho chesetsoa lipoleiti tse teteaneng tse nang le likarolo tse ngata, taolo ea mocheso oa li-inter-layer e lokela ho matlafatsoa. Nakong ea ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea welding, mocheso oa thepa ea motheo ea welding e lokela ho hlahlojoa ho netefatsa hore mocheso oa inter-layer o lumellana ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang le mocheso oa preheating. Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o boetse o tlameha ho laoloa.
Nako ea welding ha ea lokela ho ba telele haholo. Haeba ho na le tšitiso ea ho cheselletsa, mehato e nepahetseng ea ka mor'a ho futhumatsa le ho boloka mocheso e lokela ho nkoa. Ha o cheselletsa hape, mocheso oa ho futhumatsa hape o lokela ho ba holimo ka nepo ho feta mocheso oa pele oa ho futhumatsa.
7 Li-welds tse nang le li-multi-layer li cheselitsoe karolong e ka tlaase ntle le ho tlosa slag ea welding le mefokolo holim'a sebaka sa weld.
[Phenomena] Ha multi-lara tjheseletsa ea lipoleiti teteaneng, tjheseletsa ea lera e ka tlaase e etsoa ka ho toba ntle le ho tlosa tjheseletsa slag le mefokolo ka mor'a mong le e mong mokato oa tjheseletsa. Sena se ka baka habonolo liphoso tse kang li-inclusions tsa slag, li-pores, mapetsong le litšitiso tse ling tsa weld, ho fokotsa matla a ho hokahanya le ho baka tjheseletsa ea lera le ka tlaase. ho phatloha ha nako.
[Mehato] Ha ho tjheseletsa lipoleiti tse teteaneng ka mekhahlelo e mengata, lera le leng le le leng le lokela ho ts'oaroa khafetsa. Ka mor'a hore karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea seam ea welding e kenngoe, ho lokela ho tlosoa slag ea welding, sekoli sa seam holim'a metsi le spatter ka nako. Haeba liphoso leha e le life tse kang li-slag inclusions, pores, cracks le liphoso tse ling tse amang boleng ba welding li fumanoa, li lokela ho tlosoa ka ho feletseng pele li tjheseletsa.
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8 Fillet e sa lekana bakeng sa li-welds tse kopaneng tsa butt kapa sekhutlo se hlokang ho kenella
[Phenomena] Litšepe tse kopaneng tsa butt kapa sekhutlo tse hlokang ho kenella joalo ka manonyeletso a sebopeho sa T, manonyeletso a sefapano, likonopo tsa sekhutlo, joalo-joalo li na le boholo bo sa lekaneng ba leoto la weld, kapa tepo le lepheo le ka holimo la sefate sa crane kapa karolo e ts'oanang e hlokang ho baloa ha mokhathala. li entsoe. Haeba boholo ba leoto tjheseletsa ea poleiti bohale kgokelo tjheseletsa e sa lekana, matla le ho satalla ha tjheseletsa ke ke kopana ditlhoko tsa moralo.
[Mehato] Manonyeletso a bōpehileng joaloka T, manonyeletso a sefapano, likonopo tsa sekhutlo le li-welds tse ling tse kopanyang butt tse hlokang ho kenella li lokela ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa moralo 'me li tlameha ho ba le maoto a lekaneng a ho cheselletsa. Ka kakaretso, boholo ba leoto la tjheseletsa ha boa lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 0.25t (t ke ntlha ea khokahanyo e tšesaane ea poleiti). Boima ba leoto ba weld bo kopanyang tepo le flange e ka holimo ea beam ea crane kapa poleiti e ts'oanang ea tepo e etselitsoeng ho hloka netefatso ea mokhathala ke 0.5t mme ha ea lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 10mm. Phapang e lumellehang ea litekanyo tsa welding ke 0 ~ 4 mm.
9 Welding e hokela ntlha ea lere kapa tšepe lekhalong lenonyellong
[Phenomena] Kaha ho ke ke ho le thata ho fuse eleketrode ntlha kapa tšepe thibela le sengoathoana welded nakong tjheseletsa, mefokolo tjheseletsa tse kang ho hloka fusion le khaello ea ho kenella ka hare ho tla fella, 'me matla a kgokelo tla fokotswa. Haeba hlooho ea molamu oa welding kapa tšepe ea tšepe e tletse mafome, ho thata ho etsa bonnete ba hore thepa e lumellana le thepa ea motheo; haeba hlooho ea molamu oa welding kapa tšepe ea tšepe e tletse matheba a oli, litšila, joalo-joalo, e tla baka mefokolo e kang li-pores, slag inclusions, le mapetsong a weld. Maemo ana a tla fokotsa haholo boleng ba li-welds tsa manonyeletso mme a hlolehe ho fihlela litlhoko tsa boleng ba moralo le litlhaloso tsa li-welds.
【tekanyo】
(1) Ha lekhalo la kopano ea workpiece le le leholo, empa le sa fete sebaka se amohelehang sa tšebeliso, 'me lekhalo la kopano le feta makhetlo a 2 ho boima ba lakane kapa le leholo ho feta 20mm, mokhoa o holimo o lokela ho sebelisoa ho tlatsa likarolo kapa ho fokotsa lekhalo la kopano. Ho thibetsoe ka ho feletseng ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tlatsa hlooho ea molamu oa welding kapa tšepe thibela ho lokisa welding ka lekhalo le kopane.
(2) Ha ho sebetsa le ho tšoaea likarolo, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho tlohela chelete e lekaneng ea ho itšeha le tumello ea ho fokotseha ha welding ka mor'a ho itšeha, le ho laola boholo ba likarolo. U se ke ua eketsa lekhalo ho netefatsa boholo ba ponahalo.
10 Ho se ele hloko tatellano ea welding ea likarolo tse nang le cross welds
[Phenomena] Bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le li-welds tsa sefapano, ha re ele hloko tlhophiso e utloahalang ea tatellano ea ho tjheseletsa ka ho hlahloba ho lokolloa ha khatello ea maikutlo le phello ea khatello ea maikutlo holim'a deformation ea karolo, empa weld ka mokhoa o sa reroang ka holimo le ka holimo. Ka lebaka leo, li-seams tse otlolohileng le tse rapameng li tla thibeloa, 'me li be kholoanyane Khatello ea mocheso ea mocheso e tla etsa hore poleiti e fokotsehe, e etse hore holim'a poleiti e se ke ea lekana,' me e ka baka mapetsong a li-welds.
[Mehato] Bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le li-weld tsa sefapano, tatellano e loketseng ea welding e lokela ho ntlafatsoa. Ha ho e-na le li-welds tse 'maloa tse tšekaletseng le tse tšekaletseng tse lokelang ho chesetsoa, li-seams tse tšekaletseng tse nang le shrinkage deformation e kholoanyane li lokela ho ts'oaroa pele, ebe li-welds tsa longitudinal. Ka tsela ena, li-welds tse pota-potileng li ke ke tsa thibeloa ke li-welds tsa longitudinal le khatello ea shrinkage ea seams transverse e tla fokotseha. Ho lokolloa ntle le lithibelo ho ka fokotsa deformation ea welding le ho netefatsa boleng ba weld, kapa weld butt welds pele ebe oa fillet welds.
Nako ea poso: Nov-01-2023
