Ntle le lintlha tsa ts'ebetso, lintlha tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ea tjheseletsa, joalo ka boholo ba groove le boholo ba lekhalo, lehlakoreng la ho sekamela ha electrode le workpiece, le boemo ba sebaka sa kopane, le tsona li ka ama sebopeho sa weld le boholo ba weld.
Thepa ea welding ea Xinfa e na le litšobotsi tsa boleng bo holimo le theko e tlase. Ho fumana lintlha, ka kopo etela:Baetsi ba Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
1. Tšusumetso ea ho cheselletsa hona joale ho theho ea seam ea welding
Tlas'a maemo a mang a mang, ha arc welding e ntse e eketseha, botebo ba ho kenella le bophahamo bo setseng ba weld bo eketseha, 'me bophara ba ho kenella bo eketseha hanyenyane. Mabaka ke a latelang:
Ha motlakase oa arc o ntse o eketseha, matla a arc a sebetsang holim'a weldment a eketseha, mocheso oa mocheso oa arc ho weldment oa eketseha, 'me sebaka sa mohloli oa mocheso se theohela tlaase, e leng se loketseng ho tsamaisa mocheso ho ea botebong ba letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng le ho eketseha. botebo ba ho kena. Botebo ba ho kenella bo batla bo lekana le hona joale, ke hore, botebo ba ho kenella ha weld H bo batla bo lekana le Km×I.
2) Lebelo la ho qhibiliha ha arc welding core kapa terata ea welding e lekana le hona joale. Ha ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa ea arc welding e ntse e eketseha, lebelo la ho qhibiliha la terata ea welding lea eketseha, 'me palo ea terata ea welding e qhibilihisitsoeng e eketseha ka tsela e lekanang, ha bophara ba ho qhibiliha bo ntse bo eketseha, kahoo matlafatso ea weld ea eketseha.
3) Ka mor'a hore motlakase o eketsehe, bophara ba kholomo ea arc boa eketseha, empa botebo ba arc e kenang ka har'a workpiece bo eketseha, 'me sebaka se tsamaeang sa sebaka sa arc se fokotsehile, kahoo ho eketseha ha bophara ba ho qhibiliha ho nyenyane.
Nakong ea welding ea arc e sirelelitsoeng ka khase, hona joale oa welding oa eketseha mme botebo ba ho kenella ha weld boa eketseha. Haeba hona joale tjheseletsa e le kholo haholo 'me sets'oants'o sa hona joale se phahame haholo, ho ka etsahala hore ho kene letsoho ho kang menoana, haholo-holo ha ho cheselletsa aluminium.
2. Tšusumetso ea li-arc voltage ho theho ea seam ea welding
Ha maemo a mang a tiile, ho eketsa motlakase oa arc ho tla eketsa matla a arc ho latela, 'me mocheso oa mocheso ho weldment o tla eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, keketseho ea arc voltage e finyelloa ka ho eketsa bolelele ba arc. Keketseho ea bolelele ba arc e eketsa radius ea mohloli oa mocheso oa arc, e eketsa phallo ea mocheso oa arc, 'me e fokotsa matla a matla a ho kenya letsoho. Ka hona, botebo ba ho kenella bo fokotseha hanyane ha botebo ba ho kenella bo ntse bo eketseha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, kaha motlakase oa welding o lula o sa fetohe, palo e qhibilihang ea terata ea welding e lula e sa fetohe, e leng se etsang hore matla a weld a fokotsehe.
Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tjheseletsa arc ho fumana sebopeho se nepahetseng sa seam, ke hore, ho boloka seam se loketseng se etsa coefficient φ, le ho eketsa motlakase oa arc ka nepo ha o ntse o eketsa hona joale oa welding. Hoa hlokahala hore arc voltage le welding current li be le kamano e loketseng. . Sena se atile haholo ts'ebetsong ea tšepe ea arc welding.
3. Phello ea lebelo la tjheseletsa ho theho ea weld
Tlas'a maemo a mang a mang, ho eketsa lebelo la tjheseletsa ho tla lebisa phokotsong ea ho kenya mocheso oa welding, ka hona ho fokotsa bophara ba weld le botebo ba ho kenella. Ho tloha ha palo ea tšepe ea tšepe e behiloeng ka yuniti ea bolelele ba weld e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le lebelo la weld, matlafatso ea weld e boetse e fokotsehile.
Lebelo la welding ke sesupo sa bohlokoa sa ho lekola tlhahiso ea welding. E le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea tjheseletsa, lebelo la ho tjheseletsa le lokela ho eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, e le ho netefatsa boholo bo hlokahalang ba weld moralong oa sebopeho, motlakase oa welding le arc voltage o tlameha ho eketseha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ha o ntse o eketsa lebelo la welding. Lipalo tsena tse tharo lia amana. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho lokela ho nahanoa hore ha ho eketsa lebelo la ho tjheseletsa, arc voltage, le lebelo la ho tjheseletsa (ke hore, ho sebelisa arc ea matla a holimo le lebelo le phahameng la ho tjheseletsa), ho ka ba le liphoso nakong ea ho thehoa ha tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng. letamo le ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa ha letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng, joalo ka ho loma. Methapo, mapetsong, joalo-joalo, kahoo ho na le moeli oa ho eketsa lebelo la welding.
4. Tšusumetso ea tjheseletsa mofuta oa hona joale le polarity le eleketrode boholo ka tjheseletsa sebopeho
1. Mofuta le polarity ea hona joale welding
Mefuta ea hona joale ea welding e arotsoe ka DC le AC. Har'a bona, DC arc welding e arotsoe ka DC le pulsed DC ho latela boteng kapa ho se be teng ha maqhubu a hona joale; ho ea ka polarity, e arotsoe ka DC khokahanyo ea pele (chelete e hokahane le e ntle) le DC reverse connection (the weldment e amana le negative). AC arc welding e arotsoe ka sine wave AC le square wave AC ho latela mefuta e fapaneng ea maqhubu a hajoale. Mofuta le polarity ea hona joale welding e ama palo ea mocheso o kenang ka arc ho weldment, kahoo e ama sebopeho sa weld. E ka boela ea ama mokhoa oa ho fetisa marotholi le ho tlosoa ha filimi ea oxide holim'a tšepe ea motheo.
Ha tungsten arc welding e sebelisoa ho cheselletsa tšepe, titanium le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe, botebo ba ho kenella ha weld bo entsoeng ke bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ha ho hokahanngoa hona joale, ho kenella ke ho honyenyane ha hona joale ho amana ka morao, 'me AC e pakeng tsa tse pedi. Kaha ho kenella ha weld ke kholo ka ho fetisisa nakong ea khokahanyo e tobileng ea hona joale le tahlehelo e tukang ea elektrode ea tungsten ke eona e nyane ka ho fetisisa, khokahano e tobileng ea hona joale e lokela ho sebelisoa ha ho sebelisoa tšepe, titanium le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe tse nang le tungsten electrode argon arc welding. Ha tungsten argon arc welding e sebelisa pulsed DC welding, li-parameter tsa pulse li ka fetoloa, kahoo boholo ba sebopeho sa seam sa welding se ka laoloa ha ho hlokahala. Ha ho tjheseletsa aluminium, magnesium le lialloys tsa tsona ka tungsten arc welding, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa phello ea ho hloekisa ea cathodic ea arc ho hloekisa filimi ea oxide holim'a thepa ea motheo. Ho molemo ho sebelisa AC. Kaha liparamente tsa waveform tsa square wave AC lia fetoha, phello ea welding e betere. .
Nakong ea welding ea tšepe ea tšepe, botebo le bophara ba ho kenella ha weld ho DC reverse connection li kholo ho feta tse hokahaneng ka kotloloho, 'me botebo ba ho kenella le bophara ba welding ea AC li pakeng tsa tse peli. Ka hona, nakong ea welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi, khokahano ea reverse ea DC e sebelisoa ho fumana ho kenella ho hoholo; ha a ntse a le ka tlas'a metsi arc surfacing welding, DC forward connection e sebelisoa ho fokotsa ho kena. Nakong ea welding ea arc e sirelelitsoeng ka khase, botebo ba ho kenella ha bo kholo feela nakong ea khokahanyo ea DC reverse, empa hape mekhoa ea phetisetso ea li-arc le marotholi e tsitsitse ho feta nakong ea khokahanyo e tobileng ea hona joale le AC, hape e na le phello ea ho hloekisa cathode. e sebelisoa haholo, athe khokahano ea DC ea pele le Puisano hangata ha e sebelisoe.
2. Tšusumetso ea sebopeho sa ntlha ea tungsten, bophara ba terata le bolelele ba ho atolosa
Lehlakore le sebopeho sa li-electrode tse ka pele tsa tungsten li na le tšusumetso e kholo holim'a khatello ea arc le khatello ea arc, 'me li lokela ho khethoa ho ea ka boholo ba hona joale oa welding le botenya ba weldment. Ka kakaretso, ha arc e tsitsitse haholoanyane le khatello e kholo ea arc, botebo ba ho kenella le ho fokotseha ho lekanang le bophara ba ho kenella.
Nakong ea welding ea tšepe ea khase, ha ho cheseha hona joale ho sa khaotse, terata ea welding e tšesaane, mocheso oa arc o tla teba haholoanyane, botebo ba ho kenella bo tla eketseha, 'me bophara ba ho kenella bo tla fokotseha. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho khethoa bophara ba terata ea ho tjheseletsa mererong ea tjheseletsa, boholo ba hona joale le sebopeho sa letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng le tsona li tlameha ho nahanoa ho qoba sebopeho se futsanehileng sa weld.
Ha bolelele ba ho tjheseletsa terata ka khase tšepe arc tjheseletsa eketseha, ho hanyetsa mocheso hlahisoang ke hona joale tjheseletsa ka karolo e atolositsoeng ea terata tjheseletsa eketseha, e leng eketsa melting lebelo la terata tjheseletsa, kahoo tjheseletsa matlafatso ea eketseha le botebo ba ho kenella bo fokotseha. Kaha resistivity ea tšepe tjheseletsa terata e batlang e le khōlō, tšusumetso ea bolelele ba katoloso ea terata tjheseletsa ka seam sebopeho tjheseletsa e totobetse haholoanyane ka tšepe le terata e ntle tjheseletsa. The resistivity ea aluminium welding terata e batla e le nyane mme tšusumetso ea eona ha e bohlokoa. Le hoja ho eketsa bolelele ba terata ea welding ho ka ntlafatsa coefficient ea ho qhibiliha ha terata ea welding, ha ho nahanoa ka botsitso ba ho qhibiliha ha terata ea welding le ho thehoa ha seam, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng e amohelehang ea ho fapana ka bolelele ba ho atolosa. terata e tjheseletsang.
5. Tšusumetso ea lintlha tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ho tjheseletsa seam ho etsa lintlha
Ho phaella ho lintlha tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa ts'ebetso, lintlha tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa, tse kang boholo ba groove le boholo ba lekhalo, angle e sekametseng ea electrode le workpiece, le sebaka sa sebaka sa ho kopanya, se ka boela sa ama sebopeho sa weld le boholo ba weld.
1. Li-grooves le likheo
Ha arc welding e sebelisoa ho tjheseletsa manonyeletso a butt, hore na ho boloka lekhalo, boholo ba lekhalo, le mofuta oa groove hangata li ikemiselitse ho latela botenya ba poleiti e cheselitsoeng. Ha maemo a mang a sa fetohe, boholo bo boholo ba groove kapa lekhalo, bo nyane ho matlafatsa seam se cheselitsoeng, se lekanang le ho fokotseha ha boemo ba seam, 'me ka nako ena karolelano ea fusion e fokotseha. Ka hona, ho siea likheo kapa li-grooves tse bulehileng ho ka sebelisoa ho laola boholo ba matlafatso le ho lokisa karolelano ea fusion. Ha ho bapisoa le beveling ntle le ho siea lekhalo, maemo a ho senya mocheso a mabeli a batla a fapane. Ka kakaretso, maemo a crystallization a beveling a monate haholoanyane.
2. Electrode (welding wire) tšekamelo angle
Nakong ea tjheseletsa ea arc, ho ea ka kamano pakeng tsa tataiso ea ho sekama ha eleketrode le tataiso ea tjheseletsa, e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: ho sekamela ho ea pele le eleketrode ho sekamela morao. Ha terata ea welding e thekesela, arc axis e boetse e thekesela ka tsela e nepahetseng. Ha terata ea tjheseletsa e sekamela pele, phello ea matla a arc ho tsoa ka morao ha tšepe ea letamo e qhibilihisitsoeng ea fokola, lera la metsi le ka tlase ho letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng le fetoha letenya, botebo ba ho kenella boa fokotseha, botebo ba arc bo kenella. ka har'a weldment e fokotseha, sebaka sa motsamao oa arc letheba lea atoloha, 'me bophara ba ho qhibiliha boa eketseha,' me momahano oa fokotseha. Ntho e nyenyane ea lehlakoreng le ka pele α ea terata ea welding, phello ena e totobetse haholoanyane. Ha terata ea welding e sekamisitsoe morao, boemo bo fapane. Ha u sebelisa electrode arc welding, mokhoa oa electrode back-tilt hangata o sebelisoa, 'me angle ea ho sekamela α e pakeng tsa 65 ° le 80 °.
3. Tšekamelo angle ea weldment
Ho sekama ha cheseletso hangata ho kopana le tlhahisong ea 'nete mme ho ka aroloa ka ho cheseletsa ka holimo le ho thella. Ka nako ena, tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ea letamo e na le tšekamelo ea ho phalla ho ea tlase letsoapong tlas'a ketso ea matla a khoheli. Nakong ea ho cheselletsa ho nyolosa, matla a khoheli a thusa tšepe e entsoeng ka letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng ho leba ka morao ho letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng, kahoo botebo ba ho kenella ho ba boholo, bophara bo qhibilihisitsoeng bo patisane, ’me bophahamo bo setseng ke bo boholo. Ha angle ea holimo α e le 6 ° ho ea ho 12 °, matlafatso e kholo haholo 'me li-undercuts li atisa ho etsahala mahlakoreng ka bobeli. Nakong ea tjheseletsa e theohileng, phello ena e thibela tšepe e ka har'a letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng ho tsoa ka morao ho letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng. Arc ha e khone ho futhumatsa tšepe ka botebo botlaaseng ba letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng. Botebo ba ho kenella bo fokotseha, sebaka sa motsamao oa matheba a arc sea atoloha, bophara ba ho qhibiliha boa eketseha, 'me bophahamo bo setseng boa fokotseha. Haeba tšekamelo angle ea tjheseletsa e kholo haholo, e tla lebisa ho sa lekana ho kenella ka hare le khaphatseho ea tšepe mokelikeli ka letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng.
4. Weldment thepa le botenya
Ho kenella ha weld ho amana le hona joale ho cheselletsa, hammoho le conductivity ea mocheso le matla a mocheso oa volumetric oa thepa. The molemo conductivity mogote oa lintho tse bonahalang le e khōloanyane volumetric mocheso bokgoni, ho hlokahala mocheso ho feta ho qhibiliha yuniti bophahamo ba modumo tšepe le ho phahamisa mocheso tšoanang. Ka hona, tlas'a maemo a itseng a kang ho tjheseletsa hona joale le maemo a mang, botebo ba ho kenella le bophara bo tla fokotseha feela. Ha boima bo boholo ba thepa kapa viscosity ea mokelikeli, ho ba thata le ho feta hore arc e tlose tšepe e entsoeng ka metsi e qhibilihisitsoeng, 'me botebo ba ho kenella ha bo sa teba. Botenya ba weldment bo ama conduction ea mocheso ka hare ho weldment. Ha maemo a mang a tšoana, botenya ba weldment bo eketseha, ho senyeha ha mocheso hoa eketseha, 'me bophara ba ho kenella le ho kenella ho fokotseha hoa fokotseha.
5. Flux, ho roala electrode le khase e sireletsang
Mefuta e fapaneng ea ho roala ha flux kapa electrode e lebisa ho marotholi a fapaneng a polar voltage le arc column bokhoni ba gradients ea arc, e tla ama sebopeho sa weld. Ha sekhahla sa flux se le nyane, boholo ba karoloana e kholo, kapa bophahamo ba stacking bo nyane, khatello e potileng arc e tlase, kholomo ea arc ea atoloha, 'me sebaka sa arc se tsamaea ka bongata bo boholo, kahoo botebo ba ho kenella bo nyane. bophara ba ho qhibiliha bo boholo, 'me bophahamo bo setseng bo nyenyane. Ha ho tjheseletsa likarolo tse teteaneng tse nang le matla a phahameng a arc welding, ho sebelisa pumice-joaloka flux ho ka fokotsa khatello ea arc, ho fokotsa botebo ba ho kenella, le ho eketsa bophara ba ho kenella. Ntle le moo, slag ea welding e lokela ho ba le viscosity e nepahetseng le mocheso o qhibilihang. Haeba viscosity e phahame haholo kapa mocheso oa ho qhibiliha o phahame, slag e tla ba le moea o fokolang oa moea, 'me ho bonolo ho etsa mekoti e mengata ea khatello holim'a weld,' me deformation ea holim'a weld e tla fokola.
Sebopeho sa khase e sireletsang (e kang Ar, He, N2, CO2) e sebelisoang ho cheselletsa arc e fapane, 'me thepa ea eona ea' mele e kang conductivity ea mocheso e fapane, e amang ho theoha ha khatello ea polar ea arc, e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng. arc column, cross conductive cross ea arc column, le matla a phallo ea plasma. , kabo e khethehileng ea phallo ea mocheso, joalo-joalo, kaofela ha eona e ama sebopeho sa weld.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse amang sebopeho sa weld. Ho fumana sebopeho se setle sa weld, o hloka ho khetha ho ipapisitse le thepa le botenya ba weld, boemo ba sebaka sa weld, foromo e kopaneng, maemo a ts'ebetso, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso e kopaneng le boholo ba weld, joalo-joalo Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho cheselletsa le tjheseletsa maemo a sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa, 'me ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke boikutlo ba welder mabapi le tjheseletsa! Ho seng joalo, sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea welding seam e kanna ea se fihlelle litlhoko, mme liphoso tse fapaneng tsa welding li kanna tsa etsahala.
Nako ea poso: Feb-27-2024
